By Ernesto Palacio *
Argentina History teachers warned in official establishments for years, a disturbing phenomenon: the indifference each More and more students to the concepts to be taught. It is useless for those engole voice, it is useless to appeal to patriotism and intend to communicate to listeners who judge healthy enthusiasm for the virtues of Rivadavia and Sarmiento: get, the most, a "succés d 'estimate." The story dictated NOT INTERESTED, increasingly interested in the school population. This is the indisputable fact that currently is often attributed to the influence of doctrines alien or foreign origin of most of the students. "We must clamp down on these children of gringos!" I heard exclaiming in good faith to a teacher, as she applied the retaliation of the postponement. This does not improve things. The phenomenon not only persists, but worsened. Taking into account that Argentina's history students enrolled in the fourth year and are now teenagers with the ability to reason, if one considers that this is the age at which personality is formed and defines the vocations, such indifference acquires exceptional importance. Xenophobic interpretation, with its insidious consequences of civil war, can not satisfy. It is true that our boys, whatever their origin, was uninterested in things pertaining to the country. They are, however, eager for useful truths and are sensitive to all influences intelligent and generous. Must see the attention passionate following, for example, any fair explanation about our vital problems of our foreign trade! Here all indifference disappears and patriotic concern is evident in the expression concentrated, in the contraction of muscles, in the nervous gestures, alluding to the urgency of the great remedies. If such indifference can not be attributed to the alleged cause is undoubtedly to be attributed to the matter itself, as today is dictated. It is known that, apart from the War of Independence, taught anti-English accent, the reasons for excitement offered by our manuals are thirteenth year's Assembly, as amended liberals!, The government of Martín Rodríguez, the Asociación de Mayo so intellectual!, campaigns "liberators" of Lavalle, Home crowning glory-and-chairs of Sarmiento and Avellaneda. Boundary issues, we have not had, we are pacifists. War with Bolivia; but was there such a war? With regard to the eastern border, it is obvious that Brazil has dealt in our favor, and if we had any difficulty was because of the "barbaric" Artigas ... The students are bored to death, not "you are a return to all that ". History. Argentina, "telle qu'on part", it retains nothing exciting, no actual teaching. The arguments legacy to exalt some and condemning others have lost all effectiveness. Nothing we say in front of the urgent problems we face today. conventional history, written to serve political purposes and outmoded, it smells like a dead thing for intelligence of new generations. The restoration work of the truth, continued with enthusiasm by a growing group of scholars, has come to move the official version, soon to be solemnized in a score of volumes under the direction of Dr. Ricardo Levene. Will undoubtedly be a monument, but a burial monument to enclose a body. You can not persist against the spirit of the times. Given the commitment to teach a dogmatic history, founded on dogma that no one accepts, the new generations have decided not to study history, simply. With something we already won. Nobody knows history, or the 1st real or official. There is not a lawyer, a doctor, an engineer that (except in cases of special vocation) know history. It is because, in the lessons they received, dimly suspect the existence of an enormous hoax. not go to consider the causes that gave rise to what I call official version of our history and the legitimacy of it, because that would lead us to deal with the fundamental problems of historical knowledge. Simply say that this version has not been independent, that tax remains the one written by the victors of Home, at a time when it was believed that the world was going, undisturbed, toward universal happiness under the aegis of liberalism and that did not suspect that would lead to conflicts industrial revolution, or the expansion of capitalism, not class struggle, or fascism, or communism. Imposed by Mitre and now Lopez has championed the Levene doctor quoted above, which, in my opinion, is highly significant. Concocted to serve the interests of a party within the country, filled with the mission to which it is destined, was the background and rationale for political action our ruling oligarchies, that is, the party of "civilization." Not trying to be independent, strong and dignified, it was to be civilized. It was not us, in any form, masters of our destiny but to follow with docility the tracks of Europe. Not to impose, but to submit. Not to be heroic, but to be rich. Not being a great nation, but a prosperous colony. Create a culture not their own but to copy others. Not having our industries, our commerce, our ships, but give everything abroad and found, however, many primary schools where they teach, just had to resort to this expedient to supplement our own inability. And many universities, where he professed as a dogma that capital is intangible and that the state (notably Argentina) is "bad manager." It was natural to impose these doctrines, not enough to falsify historical facts. Was necessary also subvert the hierarchy of moral and political values. It was held, with Alberdi, that we needed heroes, these being a relic of barbarism, and we would be more useful to industry and the knights of industry, and inner freedom (especially for trade!) Was a rather than the 1st independence abroad. It praised the hero's coat against warlord a1 spear to civilization against the "barbaric." All this eventually resulted in the veneration of the lawyer as representative rate, and effective rule of those who hired the lawyer. With this background and its consequences-a sentimental pacifism and chimeric a vigorous national inferiority complex, we face a world in which these principles have failed. Universal solidarity with the exchange, which postulated liberalism has been broken for good. We live in hard times. The Imperialism of bribery has been supplanted by the imperialism of prey. There must be, or perish. How can they rang hollow official dogma? How can you expect our young people excited about a "long lease" or a genius like that, when they are hitting the 1st eyes political reality of a global crisis, with rise and fall of empires? It is the anguish of our immediate destination that explains the current renaissance of historical studies in our country, with its natural consequence: the exaltation of Roses. Faced with the doctrines of outcasts, a yearning for authenticity against the teachings of delivery, a desire for autonomy, to skepticism, which denies the very virtues to simulate the outside, a great faith in our people and their potential. Current world conditions show that Rose was right and that our future solutions will be found in the principles he defended to the heroism, not the principles of their adversaries, who have brought us to the moral quagmire that we are now stranded to the axis. Just what was said to express that our position is not simply "historiography" and we care very little litigation about cookie that might pose a doctor Dellepiane. The facts are known and in this field, the battle has been fully earned by the work of Saldías, Quesada, Ibarguren, Molinari, Font etc Ezcurra., Which have exposed the unity mystification. Most importantly, he lives today, to my understanding, interpretation and appreciation of the true facts, as developed by some of the above and, primarily, by Julio Irazusta in his short but admirable "Essay." Nobody denies that Rose defended the integrity and independence of the Republic. No one denies that this struggle was an unequal struggle and heroic and ended with a win for the 1st home. No one denies that during the two decades of his rule, should resist external pressure allied with domestic treason, and when he fell, there was already a nation of Argentina. Against such high merits are invoked only objections "ideológcas" promoted by "speculatists" that, according to Burke, are intended to bring the reality to their theories and whose objections are as valid against the worst as against the best government, "because make issue of efficiency but of competence and title. "(1). Faced with this attitude, which means, I repeat, a subversion of values, previously imposed a restoration of undervalued securities. Better if, as believed Alberdi, inner freedom the 1st national independence morally sound if greed that heroism more desirable if the utility that the honor more glorious if found schools that found a home, would be right official history. But the political philosophy and secular experience teach us that people who lose their independence also lost freedoms, that people who lose their honor also lose the benefit. This we know well the Argentines. How should we not turn our eyes anxiously to the memory of the Restorer? Rosas represents honor, unity, independence of the fatherland. Look at the light of principles reasonable Argentina's history shows crucia1es three dates: 1810, year 20, which saw armed reaction against colonial attempt to base the Prince of Lucca, and resistance against a company Rosas similar but more dangerous. If after 53 we remain a nation, we owe Rosas, the union that was clinched during his dictatorship and the subsequent secessionist attempt failed to break. This has been known to their enemy pawns, starting with the same Sarmiento. That being so why not keep you gratitude, how not to admire its greatness? I think this is obvious and those who do not suffer from the perceived inability to perceive greatness in general remain equally impassive, but his legacy passive submission to the trial-to that of a Bismarck or a Cromwell. Proof of this is that it does not go unnoticed by foreign observers to look over our history, like the Mexican Carlos Pereyra and the German Oswald Spengler. The greatness of Roses is in the same order as the Carlyle recognized by Frederick II of Prussia, who "saving his men and gunpowder, a small Prussian defended against all Europe, year after year for seven years until he got tired and Europe left the company as impossible "(2). Germany was his hero statues up in every city. For Germany that is great. We try to outlaw our own and to outlaw also his memory, while they erect monuments to those who gave fractions of the country and we imposed a factory status. Because he was a tyrant ... That is, because he sacrificed his energy and deploy the most of its authority to save the country in the most critical moment in its history, for those who persecuted and had insisted on splitting the country, and did not get another award the satisfaction of having done their duty. It was, as Goethe said, "who was to command and control that it enters his happiness."
befehlem Wer soll Muss im befehlem Seligkeit empfinlem.
The first obligation of intelligence Argentina today in the rehabilitation and glorification-not-the great leader who decided our fate. This glorification will mark the final awakening of national consciousness. The time is ripe for the restoration of truth, which is rich in consequences, because then the story will awaken an echo in souls, will explain the new problems and communicate to the hearts of our teenagers a legitimate patriotic pride. This is what is now, tragically, is missing. The heroes of history inherited CIVIL represent the heroes and make love (when they do) abstract concepts: civilization, public education, constitutional government. Rose, however, makes us love the country itself, could do without these advantages, but not his integrity or his honor.
(1) Reflections on French Revolution, pg. 164. (2) Frederick the. Great. T. I, pp. 21. (3) Faust. Part 2, the 4 th spot.
* Article published in the Journal of the Institute of Historical Research "Juan Manuel de Rosas" , Year I, Issue I. January 1939.
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